Black shales

Some important shale reservoirs with the potential for CO 2 storage around the world are Western Canadian Sedimentary Basins [52], Dutch shale resources [53], Devonian black shales of Eastern ...

The δ 15 N values of black shales compiled in Table 5 are consistently lower than the +5‰ that is typical of modern marine organic matter [Altabet and Francois, 1994] and that are found in Pleistocene sediments deposited under the Benguela Current Upwelling System [Robinson et al., 2002] and in the Monterey Formation …Jun 5, 2022 · The black shale in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Southwest China is anomalously enriched in sedimentary exhalative Ni- and Mo-sulfides. The occurrence of large fluctuation of ocean redox conditions and thriving of benthic animals highlight the uniqueness of the stratum and its link to the Cambrian Explosion. In order to constrain the evolution of the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and geochemical cycles of elements, a systematic and multidisciplinary study of inorganic geochemistry and stable isotope geochemistry was conducted using Archean– Paleoproterozoic black shales, graywackes, and red shales.Introduction. The deposition of black shales and the accumulation of organic matter in black shales not only involves the basic biogeochemical processes on Earth, including photosynthesis, oxidation, bacterial sulfate reduction and humification, etc., but also makes an important contribution to the primary source of hydrocarbons and other economic mineral deposits (Arthur and Sageman, 1994 ...Analysis shows that the semi-deep lake subfacies mainly deposit black-dark gray clayey shale. Because the location of well T1 in Puguang area is closer to the lake basin center than well Y1 in Yuanba area during the sedimentary period of J 1 da, the water body is deeper, the sedimentary facies is more stable, and the shale thickness is thicker ...Early Cambrian black shales display strongly enriched Se, Ga, and As, significantly enriched Ba, Bi, and Rb, weakly enriched Mo, Cs, Cd, V, U, Be, In, and Tl, normal Sc, Th, Cr, Li, Cu, Ni, and Pb and depleted Co, Zn, and Sr. Moreover, Se is the most enriched trace element in the Ediacaran and early Cambrian black shales: concentrations vary ...The black shales of the Lower Cambrian in southern China are located on the southern margin of the Yangtze Platform in the transition zone between the Yangtze Platform and the Jiangnan Basin (Gao and Li, 1998). In Early Cambrian, the Yangtze Platform was essentially dominated by fine-grained sandstone, siltstone and shale provided by the ...

Ettensohn and coworkers have proposed more or less persistent and widespread anoxia during accumulation of much of the black shale succession (Ettensohn et al., 1979, Ettensohn and Barron, 1981, Ettensohn, 1985a, Ettensohn, 1985b, Ettensohn, 1998).According to Ettensohn's (1998) model, the extensive black-shale basins formed in response to foreland basin subsidence associated with the Acadian ...Aug 22, 2023 · Shales that are rich in organic matter (>5%) are known as black shales. Black color is given to these rocks by organic matter. Organic matter should be decomposed in normal conditions by bacteria, but high productivity, rapid deposition and burial or lack of oxygen may preserve it. Pyrite is a common sulfide Cd in paddy soil was primarily from geogenic source and effected little by anthropogenic source. The concentration as well as mobility and bioavailability of Cd were high in paddy soil in black shales area, which lead to elevated Cd concentration in roots, shoots and grains of rice. As a result, residents in black shales area suffer increased ...Using the modern Black Sea as an analogue, ancient black shales may record the Mo isotope composition of contemporaneous seawater if conversion of MoO 4 2− (molybdate) to MoS 4 2− (thiomolybdate) is quantitative in the overlying euxinic water column and pore water (Barling et al., 2001, Arnold et al., 2004, Neubert et al., 2008).Duwi black shales contain considerable concentrations of redox sensitive metals (e.g. V, U, Mo, Ni) and other economic elements (Cu, Pb, Zn). The enrichment of black shale with Zn, V, Cu and Cr ...Sequence stratigraphy reveals that widespread black shale deposition occurred in transgressions, whereas regressions are characterized by deposition of bioturbated facies, allowing changes in ...Black shales and massive sulfides represent reduced lithofacies that require isolation from oxic environments to be preserved. This, together with the sedimentary affinity of both lithofacies, can ...Black shales from the Norwegian Shelf of Kimmeridgian to Barremian age are characterized by high TOC, TS, and Fe contents. Concentrations of up to 37.2 wt% TOC and up to 25.8 wt% TS were determined in the black shales recovered during the 'Norwegian Shelf Drilling Program' between 1987 and 1991 (Table 1).These concentrations are significantly higher than those reported for Mediterranean ...

Black shales are enriched in As, Sb, Te and Bi by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude relative to Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts, picrites and primitive mantle (Table 1). These elements are all chalcophile, and therefore contamination of a mafic magma with black shale could produce sulfide melts enriched in these elements compared to sulfide melts formed from ...[1] Profiles of Mo/total organic carbon (TOC) through the Lower Toarcian black shales of the Cleveland Basin, Yorkshire, United Kingdom, and the Posidonia shale of Germany and Switzerland reveal water mass restriction during the interval from late tenuicostatum Zone times to early bifrons Zone times, times which include that of the putative Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event.When is a metalliferous black shale not a black shale?, by Holly L.O. Huyck 42 Recent Black Sea sediments-Leg 4, 1988 Black Sea Expedition, by Timothy W. Lyons 57 Organic geochemical studies of metalliferous parts of the Middle Proterozoic Nonesuch Formation of northern Michigan, by Philip A. Meyers, Eileen S. Ho, and Jeffrey L. Mauk 59Black shales were deposited in the continental margin rifts when the North China Craton underwent regional extension and break-up events during Mesoproterozoic era. The rock series, composed of clastic rocks, carbonate rocks, and minor volcanic rocks, are rich in gold, and become the source for gold mineralization.

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2001, Marine and Petroleum Geology. The ®rst important contention of this paper is that black shales can be deposited by any one or by a combination of the processes that typically control ®ne-grained sedimentation in deep water. These are brie¯y described below. See Full PDF.Black shale. A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite), and often containing unusual concentrations of certain trace elements (U, V, Cu, Ni). Alabama - Arizona - Illinois - Indiana - Kentucky - Massachusetts - Maryland - Maine ...In order to constrain the evolution of the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and geochemical cycles of elements, a systematic and multidisciplinary study of inorganic geochemistry and stable isotope geochemistry was conducted using Archean– Paleoproterozoic black shales, graywackes, and red shales.Black shales are widespread at the Precambrian/Cambrian transition and document a global ocean anoxic event, which is part of major environmental and biological changes, such as plate tectonic reconfiguration, mass extinction, and accelerated diversification of metazoans (Kimura and Watanabe, 2001, Steiner et al., 2001).The southeast margin of the Yangtze Platform in South China has extensive ...

We suggest that deposition of black shales represented a major sink for atmospheric carbon. Sequence stratigraphy reveals that widespread black shale deposition occurred in transgressions, whereas regressions are characterized by deposition of bioturbated facies, allowing changes in lithofacies and deep-water redox conditions to be related to ...The Global Geochemical Database for Critical Metals in Black Shales (CMIBS) contains new geochemical data compilations for fine-grained sedimentary rocks in which each geologic material sample has one 'best value' determination for each analyzed species, greatly improving speed and efficiency of use (Granitto and others, 2013).Early models for Mid-Continent cyclothems placed the black shales in shallow water, with maximum transgression at the fusulinid-bearing zone in the overlying limestone. The most recent model proposed that the black phosphatic shales, which commonly occur between two subtidal carbonates, are widespread and laterally continuous over great ...The black shales are composed of quartz, illite, kaolinite and traces of pyrite in some samples. Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 ratios in the coals (6-62) and black shales (16-34) suggest a mixture of felsic and intermediate igneous rocks as sources for their detrital fractions, which is supported by the Zr-Ti binary plot. V/(V+Ni) ratios average between ...Aug 22, 2023 · Shales that are rich in organic matter (>5%) are known as black shales. Black color is given to these rocks by organic matter. Organic matter should be decomposed in normal conditions by bacteria, but high productivity, rapid deposition and burial or lack of oxygen may preserve it. Pyrite is a common sulfide Mar 28, 2023 · Black shales may serve as an important source of metals such as Co, Ni, or As, largely due to anoxic to euxinic conditions in association with high concentrations of sulfur leading to efficient scavenging and transport of metals from seawater into the seafloor sediment. We report on an unusual type of Au mineralization newly discovered in Ediacaran trench-slope black shales in the Bohemian ... The black shales are composed of quartz, illite, kaolinite and traces of pyrite in some samples. Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 ratios in the coals (6-62) and black shales (16-34) suggest a mixture of felsic and intermediate igneous rocks as sources for their detrital fractions, which is supported by the Zr-Ti binary plot.Fifteen black shale samples including five samples from the Pennsylvanian strata and ten samples from the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale Formation of the Illinois Basin (Table 1) were selected to study the petrographic and chemical structure characteristics of AOM dispersed in black shales.All samples came from cores stored at the Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana, USA.Some additional tests were performed on black shales, since these rocks play a critical role in the Os budget. Fe oxides from the surface of MO 370, a very altered LH black shale, were scraped off and analyzed to determine their Os isotopic composition and Os and Re concentrations (Table 4).. A relatively fresh part of this black shale was also analyzed for comparison.Feb 8, 2022 · Devonian Black Shales Eastern USChattanooga, New Albany, Ohio Shales. The Mid-Late Devonian black shales of the Appalachian, Illinois, and Michigan Basins have long been studied to provide clues to past climates, ocean ventilation, mass extinctions, and general earth history. Common misconceptions about these shales are that they represent ... Mar 9, 2022 · Introduction. Black shale is a kind of special sedimentary rock with enriched organic matter, which may contain shale oil and gas. With the outbreak of shale oil and gas revolution in the United States around 2010, black shale has become a hotspot of sedimentary studies in the world, especially in China (Xian et al., 2014). A shale is a sedimentary rock that is composed of small (mostly less than 0.1 mm) particles dominated by phyllosilicate (clay) minerals and containing subordinate amounts of quartz, carbonate, and phosphate minerals and, in some cases, organic matter and pyrite [for a discussion, see Spears (1980)].

Among these are black shales: fine-grained laminated sedimentary rocks rich in organic carbon (∼3% by weight or more) that also usually contain chemically distinct distributions of redox sensitive metals and sulfide minerals. When ancient sedimentary rocks rich in organic carbon are exposed on Earth's continents through uplift and erosion ...

The term Black shale refers to organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks of high economic importance for either conventional or unconventional systems. Due to the increased demand for fossil fuels and the coeval decline in conventional reserves, black shales become more important as a potential future energy resource.Black shale tends to suffer from chemical weathering in nature due to its high content of organic matter (OM) and unstable minerals (e.g. feldspar and pyrite). The weathering of black shale has drawn attention over the past decade for its unique environmental and petrophysical impact (Jaffe et al., 2002, Jin et al., 2013, Petsch et al., 1999 ...The Ordovician-Silurian (O S) transition witnessed dramatic tectonic, climatic, marine, and biological coevolution, during which organic-rich black shale was widely deposited and is considered an important source rock. However, the potential links between the differential enrichment pattern of organic matter and climate fluctuations and paleoenvironmental evolution during this period are still ...Black shales may serve as an important source of metals such as Co, Ni, or As, largely due to anoxic to euxinic conditions in association with high concentrations of sulfur leading to efficient scavenging and transport of metals from seawater into the seafloor sediment. We report on an unusual type of Au mineralization newly discovered in Ediacaran trench-slope black shales in the Bohemian ...The HI values in most Kroh black shale samples are below 1 mg HC/g TOC (see Table S1). This result implies that the OM in the Kroh black shale samples can be categorized as predominantly a weak version of Type III kerogen (see Fig. 8), representing terrestrial and derived from the lignin of vascular plants (Vandenbroucke and Largeau, 2007).Virtually, no black shales were deposited during the Cenozoic (Figure 1), with the important exception of the Plio-Pleistocene sapropels of the Mediterranean Sea, which are considered to be near-modern analogs of the ancient black shales [e.g., Erbacher et al., 2001; Meyers, 2006; Negri et al., 2006; Emeis and Weissert, 2009]. The widespread ...First, that black shale deposition was the result of basin-wide anoxic conditions (Murphy et al., 2000; Chen and Sharma, 2016; Bingham-Koslowski et al., 2016). According to this explanation, black shale deposition should be isochronous and the relationship between black shales and gray shales should be abrupt vertical contacts.We present δ60Ni values for black shales, determined by double-spike MC-ICP-MS. The samples comprise Paleoproterozoic Talvivaara Ni-Zn-Co-Cu black shales from Finland, Neoproterozoic black shales from the Teplá-Barrandian Unit, Czech Republic, Early Cambrian Ni-Mo-rich black shales from the Yangtze Craton, and Devonian Ni-Zn-PGE black shales from Yukon, Canada. In addition, the ...3. Black shales date back to late Proterozoic times and are widespread during Phanerozoic age. 4. Origination of black shales is explained by a number of models. A common aspect of most of these models is the formation of a density stratified water column, which prevents oxygenation of deeper waters. 5.Abstract. Black shales are sedimentary rocks containing >0.5% of organic carbon. They host polymetallic deposits which have been mined for Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, P, Mo, V, U, Au and PGE (platinum group elements). Even sub-economic occurrences provide potential risk of acid rock drainage when exposed to oxic surface environment.

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The HI values in most Kroh black shale samples are below 1 mg HC/g TOC (see Table S1). This result implies that the OM in the Kroh black shale samples can be categorized as predominantly a weak version of Type III kerogen (see Fig. 8), representing terrestrial and derived from the lignin of vascular plants (Vandenbroucke and Largeau, 2007).Black shales are dark-colored, usually thinly laminated mudstones containing appreciable organic matter (>0.5 wt% C), authigenic iron sulfides and, silt- and clay-sized detrital …State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing, 102206, China SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geology and Resources in Deep Stratum, Beijing, 102206, China School of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066000, ChinaOil shale is just one unconventional oil source that's being researched. Learn how oil shale could save the day when — and if — we hit peak oil in the U.S. Advertisement Pe­ople who owe money have a way of turning the table on their credito...Black shales in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (predominantly from Member II, IV and equivalent strata) and the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation (or equivalents) occur widely in the Yangtze Platform, South China. These black shales could provide sufficient hydrocarbons for the petroleum system in this region. However, biomarker parameters ...We present paleoredox data from black shales from the ca. 835-630 Ma Akademikerbreen and Polarisbreen groups, northeastern Svalbard.These iron speciation, trace metal, and organic carbon data include the first record of ocean redox conditions leading up to the Sturtian glaciation and contribute to the emerging narrative of protracted Neoproterozoic oxygenation.The Chang 7 unit black shale has been considered to be the main hydrocarbon source rock for the Mesozoic petroleum system and is mainly characterized by high organic matter abundance, favorable organic matter type and appropriate organic matter maturity for hydrocarbon generation (Zhang et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2018; Chen ...uraniferous black shales; in some black shales, phosphatic nodules and layers with 0.02 to 0.1 percent uranium contain much of the uranium in the shale, but in other uraniferous black shales the nodules contain only 0.001 to 0.003 percent uranium. The biogenic phosphate that settles into a rela­The paleodepositional environments related to Ediacaran black shales from the Série Negra succession in Ossa-Morena tectonostratigraphic zone were investigated using their geochemical composition to identify the sedimentary sources and depositional conditions. Their potential for assisting the genesis of metal deposits was also discussed. The sedimentary sources of the black shales are ... ….

Should the black shales of Kentucky prove to be a viable geologic sink for CO2, the extensive occurrence of shales in Paleozoic basins across North America would make them an attractive regional target for economic CO2 storage and enhanced natural gas production. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency ...limestones are enclosed within the black shales and nodular to bioturbated limestones occur between the marls [1,11,33]. Black Shale . The black shales, also known as dark, laminated shales [33], form thin (a few cm) to thick (up to 2 m) beds. They are blue-grey and fissile in weathered surfaces, but dark-grey to black and laminatedFollowing Ireviken black shale deposition, conditions once again became oxygen deficient with the development of a euxinic zone in the water column. The Aeronian to Sheinwoodian deep-water redox ...Within the densest black shale are microscopic layers, commonly less than 0.1 mm thick, composed of quartz grains ranging from 0.02 to 0.06 mm and averaging about 0.03 mm in greatest diameter. Still finer quartz ranging in diameter from about 0.004 to 0.012 mm and averaging 0.008 mm is disseminated fairly uniformly throughout the massive shale. . .Keywords · 1. Introduction. Black shales are defined as mudrocks that have >3% organic carbon, a mole fraction of Fe2+ > 0.8 (mole fraction. ) · 2. Background · 3.In the outer Lesser Himalaya, black shales are present in the Infra-Krol, Krol, and Tal formations extending from Solan in the Himachal Himalaya to Nainital in the Kumaun Himalaya (Fig. 1). Black shales associated with the Infra-Krol and Upper Krol formations occur in and around Solan, Mussoorie, Garhwal, and Nainital (Fig. 1).The presence of Ediacaran fossils and stromatolites, chert, quartz ...Black shales <0.3 m below (samples 4, 5, Table 3) and <0.4 m above the sulfide ore bed (samples 9-12, Table 3) also display significantly higher concentrations of Mo (21-fold), Ni (12-fold), As (5-fold), Sb and Zn (3-fold), Co, Cu and P 2 O 5 (2-fold) than the average Cambrian black shale. Conversely, V and Mn values are comparable and the Cr ...The Upper Cambrian Alum Shale of Scandinavia and the Lower Jurassic Posidonia Shale of Germany are potential targets for shale gas extraction (Horsfield et al., 2010).Five overmature black shale samples from the Alum Shale of Bornholm, Denmark (Schulz et al., 2015) and the Posidonia Shale of the Hils Syncline (Rullkötter et al., 1988), …Black shales are currently of interest in geochemical and geological investigations because they may host gold and platinum deposits or petroleum and natural gas fields. To ensure the accuracy of analysis of such samples, standard reference materials SCHS-1 and SLg-1 are now being certified at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, … Black shales, [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1], [text-1-1]